Wasu nasihu don tabbatar da ingancin centrifugal Centings
daga takaice iska - Coled ya mutu
Gabatarwa:
Don NI -} Tsirro tsayayya da masana'antar kyakkyawan tsarin shine a sami nau'in injunan atomatik, zazzabi da lokacin sake zagayawa na Rpm, zazzabi da kuma lokacin sake fasalin Rpm, zazzabi da kuma lokacin sake zagayawa. Babban Manufofin da aka yi amfani da su gaba daya suna amfani da 2 - et. Ana samun karbuwa don tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na mutu daga ƙarshen.
A cikin samar da castings ko motsawa zuwa ƙarancin farashi, injinan centrifugal suna amfani da gajere na tsawon 300mm ba tare da ruwa ba. Gudanarwa akan microstructure ya zama da wahala, musamman a ƙarshen ƙarshen tukwane saboda ƙarin ta'addanci na sauri. A gaban tukunya ya tsaya lafiya, kusa da ƙarfe mai zafi da aka zuba a wannan ƙarshen.
Don tabbatar da ingantaccen inganci da daidaito na microstructure daga cikin irin waɗannan tukwane, daga wannan ƙarshen, daga wannan ƙarshen, wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi suna buƙatar yin bi da bi a cikin tsarin samarwa.
Nara shiri:
Shigar da kayan abinci:
Babban adadin nickel a cikin wannan kayan yana buƙatar narke da haɓaka wutar lantarki na isasshen ƙarfin. Mafi kyawun dacewa saboda wannan dalili shine babban mitar da ke haifar da karfin ƙarfin 500-kilogiram kuma zai fi dacewa da ƙarfin 1000-kg.
Kayan shigarwar kayan buƙatar suna buƙatar tsarkakakkiyar tsabta. Carbide forming Abubuwa kamar Mo, VA, TI da W ya kamata a kiyaye su. Tsanaki: Yawancin baƙin aladu na kasuwanci da yawa suna dauke da babban Mo da Ti. Yana da kyawawa cewa a cikin lef ɗin ƙarshe waɗannan abubuwan ya kamata a sarrafa su zuwa cikin iyakokin masu zuwa:
Mo> 0.05%
Ti> 0.04%
W> 0.02%
Va> 0.02%
Karfe scrap shine tushen tramp Abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da matsalolin da ba a iya tsammani ba a cikin ni - upations kayan aikin. Karfe scrap ya iyakance ga Max 10% na caji har zuwa gajiya da kuma sananniyar tushe da kuma abun da aka sani.
Kwakwalwan kwamfuta da karyewa ya kamata kuma a kiyaye su cikin low-yiwuwa, idan ba za a iya guje musu gaba ɗaya ba. Yana da kyawawa don iyakance waɗannan zuwa max na 60% kuma ya kamata ya bushe da tsabta.Haɗawa kwakwalwan kwamfuta a cikin narke yana da wahala. Asarar wasu abubuwa daga kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna da yawa kuma akwai haɗarin iska da hydrogen a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta, ɗayansu na inganta mummuna da m / carbides carbite.
Sulfur a cikin narkewa ya zama dole a cikin kunkuntar kewayewa. Ya kamata a kiyaye ta kashi 0.06% don samun taurarin da ake so. Mafi girma sulfur yana haifar da matsaloli ga microstructure.
Carbon daidai yake:
Carbon daidai yake (ce) ya zama muhimmin sifa mai mahimmanci ga baƙin ƙarfe. Wannan factor yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nau'in microstructure ya bunkasa a cikin simintin. Yana da kusanci Inter -} ukun yana da alaƙa da ƙimar ƙarfi, wanda bi da bi ke tasiri ta gicciye {{3} sassan castings da yanayin zafi.
Babban babban taron shine a lissafta darajar CE. Don 3 {{{2} ► Catikes, waɗanda suke da bambancin sassan, wannan yana da wahala. Kwafin kwayoyin, kodayake 3-girma, suna da yawa na symmetrical s symmetrical s symmetrical sypmetrical sypmetrical sypmetrical sypmetrical sypmetrical square a cikin tsawon da kuma za a iya yin lissafin waɗannan kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
Girma / surface yankin rabo v / s
V/S = ( D2 - d2 ) H / 4 (DH + DH + (D2 - d2 ) / 2 )
A ina, D {{{0} 0 na waje na waje (OD)
d {{0} 0} na ciki (ID) na tukunyar kwalin
H {{0} tsawo na tukunyar kwalin
Mafi kyawun abu game da tukunyar kwalin zai zama digiri na jikewa, wanda dabara ce ta bayar:
Digiri na jikewa Sc :
;
A ina, C, si da Ni sune ainihin dabi'u a nauyi -}
Don aikace-aikacen mu da ƙimar sc = 0,80 - 0,95
Sanya wani miter a cikin wutar lantarki zai taimaka wa mai ƙarfi da kuma ikon sarrafa carbon da silicon abun ciki a cikin ƙarfe kafin a jefa tukwane.
An ba da shawarar kewayon C, si & mn bayan inoculation:
Carbon: 2.70 - 2.80%
Silicon: 2.10 - 2.20%
Manganese: 1.20 - 1.30%
Narke:
Yana da mahimmanci sanya nauyin cajin a cikin wutar don ingantaccen hadawa da yawan adadin nickel da jan ƙarfe a cikin NI- tsayayya kayan abu. Tsarin shigarwar kayan abin da ake so shine don fara canza 50% baƙin ƙarfe + scrap, carbon, kuma a ƙarshe saman ƙarfe 50% baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe.
Carbon yakamata a ci gaba da shi a cikin wanka a {{0} {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{1 ,,,,,,,,,,,2 - 1.25%
Matsayin silicon Carbide:
Don tabbatar da isasshen rukunin yanar gizo na nucleation a cikin narke, SIC tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Saboda haka SiC ya kamata samar da wani ɓangare na cajin cajin na asali sa {{1} up lissafin. Kuma ƙarin ƙari na ƙara da ake buƙata kawai kafin super {3} Hauki narke, da zarar an bincika sunadarai; Hakanan kuma bayan kowane 'yan wasu landles suna fitowa, don haka ana biyan carbon Carbon. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da kusancin abin da ke cikin carbon kuma saboda haka ya zama mafi daidaituwa a kan microstructure.
The adadin da aka ba da shawarar Sic a cikin cajin caji {0} ena} Up shine 0.2.25% na Jimlar caji tare da abubuwan Alloying da aka kara a cikin caji. Ba a yin lissafin wannan ƙari a cikin cajin ca {{3} up don carbon da silicon. Bayan narkewa ya kai yawan zafin jiki na 1400C, Chemistry an bincika kuma gyare-gyare da ake buƙata idan an buƙata, kuma an sake haɗa shi. Da zarar an yarda da sunadarai, an kara da kara 0.1% kuma nan da nan aka kawo wutar lantarki (gabaɗaya 1480 -150000, kuma ya dogara da super a cikin daidai pre.
Additionarin ƙari na SC dole ne a yi shima a lokacin hutu na yau da kullun yayin sake zagayowar don sake sabunta asarar carbon. Don tantance ainihin buƙatun adadi da lokaci na ƙari na ƙari {{1} Up da yanayin aiki, zai fi kyau a kula da hawan kula da carbon digo tare da lokaci. A cikin ci gaba yanayin samarwa, duba abun ciki na carbon a kowane gurbataccen bayanan zai ba da isassun bayanai don ƙimar sich 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin a fitar da riba.
A ciki cike da inoculation:
Kafin a tura kowane ladle zuwa yankin samarwa ya kamata a yi sosai sosai domin a yi amfani da mai zafi sosai tare da harshen wuta da aka yi amfani da shi. Linage na ƙarshe a farkon motsi kuma bayan fashewar za a yi ta hanyar jujjuya shi da ƙarfe mai narkewa daga wutar tanderence. Fiye da abin da ya shafi zai iya zama dole don kawo murfin ga mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na 750c kafin a yi amfani da ƙarfe don amfani. Ya kamata a yi amfani da lambar panmomet don tabbatar da cewa zafin jiki yayi daidai.
A bayyane, kayan masarufi masu girma suna da kansu - onoculating. Koyaya don sassan jikinmu na Centrifugal da kuma m iko akan microstrupture, yana da kyawawa kuma wajibi ne kuma wajibi ne don yin inoculation a cikin baƙin ciki har zuwa lokacin zuba. Yankin aiki don inoculation tare da babban aji Ferro silicon (75%) ana lissafta shi don kawowa a 0.20 zuwa 0.20% siƙi {6} up. Yana da kyau} a yi amfani da na al'ada jefa inoculants na baƙin ƙarfe kamar magance wannan kayan saboda kutse.
Gabatar da ƙasashe masu wuya zai taimaka wa microstructure. Yiwuwar amfani da mafi kyawun inoculant mai kyau, tare da cerium, za'a iya bincika.
Hakanan ana sarrafa yawan nickel -}}} acululant na iya samun sakamako mai kyau a kan guji hoto mai sanyi.
Ya mutu:
Tsara:
Ruwa mai sarrafawa {{0} sanyaya na da kyau don tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na mutu daga wannan ƙarshen zuwa ɗayan. Koyaya idan kawo cikin sanyaya ruwa yana da wahala a gwada yiwuwar sanyaya iska na mutu a ƙarƙashin jaket ɗin da ya dace da Inlet a gaban iska mai zafi a baya.
Tunda matsalar mikinama tana da kyau a ƙarshen abubuwan da aka sanya yana da kyau a yi nazarin microstructures na ƙarshen saƙa kuma ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin kayan microstructure kawai ya shiga samarwa. Don iska ta halitta - irped gajere ya mutu na 300mm tsawon gaba ɗaya wani yanka {4} kashe akalla 40-mm ake bukata.
A cikin dogon lokaci tsawon ya kamata a ƙara yawan tukwane ta 30 - 35mm ta hanyar yin sabon farantin baya. Wannan zai ba da damar yanke mafi girma {{3} kashe kuɗi ba tare da sulhu daga adadin abubuwan da aka yanka daga kowane tukunya ba.
Mafi kyawun mafita qarya qarya a cikin re- enan wannan ya ɗauki tukunya mai tsawo 600 inda aka karu har ma da yanke {{2} ashe na 50mm a ƙarshen ƙarshen.
Rufi:
Yawancin gajerun gajeru sun bushe suna amfani da kayan bushewa a cikin ID wanda ya zama rufi da kuma rarrabawa. Akwai kyawawan hanyoyin rufewa, wanda zai ba da ingantacciyar kariya daga sanyi.
Hakanan yana da kyawawa don rufe gaban kuma, in ya yiwu, filayen da ke da baya na mutu.
Kada ku kasance ƙasa da mutuƙar mutu kada ya kasance ƙasa da 300C a kowane lokaci yayin samar da amfani. Taddin pietter ya zama mai ɗaukar hoto a kowace mutu don tabbatar da wannan.
A farkon kowane canjin kuma bayan kowane hutu, ya kamata a zuba tukunyar 1 ko fiye kamar yadda ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa zazzabi na mutu a ID yana sama da 300c.
Kamar yadda ake ci gaba da ci gaba, yawan zafin jiki na mutu zai kara ci gaba da kuma tsayayye a 450 - 500 c. wannan shine mafi yawan zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci, a zahiri ya mutu.
Rikodin:
Yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu ci gaba da duk sigogi da kuma kiyaye daidai da cikakken bayanan.
A cikin tarin matakan da yake da hankali kuma don kula da carbon da kuma silicon rikodin rikodin kuma yana haifar da ƙari ga shirin Sici.
Ya kamata a yi sarrafa microstructcture kamar yadda akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai-akai
